The constitutions and courts both in India and in Pakistan have shown their aspirations and fundamental faith in the federal structure but in practice there is a strong centripetal bias Power Supply in each of their constitutional-political structures.This bias becomes more evident when the constitution sanctions power to the centre to proclaim eme

Many common discriminators used for code tracking of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals are ratios of quadratic forms of the correlation outputs.Here we derive a general expression for the gain of this type of discriminator and show that it Parts depends on the effective copyright-to-noise ratio.We then evaluate this expression for s

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most widely cultivated crop species in the world affected by many biotic stresses.Blast, a major biotic constraint in lowland and high altitude grown rice led to inconsistent yields in many parts of India and world.The present study was carried out during 2023 at ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad